At age 25, he was arrested and sent to Siberia, a very cold part of Russia, as punishment, but this only made him w… Here’s part one of the 15 item list. Hundreds of thousands of people are estimated to have been killed during this campaign. During the period of the Soviet Union, Marxism-Leninism had different interpretations based on the era of the Soviet Communist Party leaders. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1817 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Vladimir Lenin died on January 21, 1924, in Gorki, Russia. Lenin’s ideology was authoritarian in nature and he showed little mercy for political opponents. Here are 10 facts about him. Includes 5 activities aimed at students 11-14 years old (KS3) & 5 activities aimed at students 14-16 year old (GCSE). On April 22, 1870, Vladimir Leninwas born in Simbirsk city, Russian Empire to Maria and IIlya Ulyanov who worked as a teacher. Later that year he led a Bolshevik toppling of the provisional government – what has become known as the “October Revolution” – and a civil war ensued between the various combatant forces vying for power. Another Soviet Communist leader, Leonid Brezhnev, discouraged the disagreements that were propagated during Khru… He graduated from high school ranking first in his class. Not only did he honor his brother’s revolutionary life by ousting the czarist regime of Russia and replacing it with a Marxist one, he also executed the czar. Lenin’s decision to establish soviet power derived from his belief that the proletarian revolution must smash the existing state machinery and introduce a “dictatorship of the proletariat”; that is, direct rule by the armed workers and peasants which would eventually “wither away” into a non-coercive, classless, stateless, Communist society. 1871 (during) It was not uncommon for Russian revolutionaries to take aliases, partly as a way of confusing the authorities. Along with Karl Marx, Lenin created the communist worldview. Born in 1870 #1. This made Lenin begin to speak out against the czar and the government. Little Octobrist badge with a portrait of a young Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Especially in the United States, where Lenin is heavily identified with the genocidal Stalin. His birth name was Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov. Krupskaya served as Lenin’s personal secretary and played a key organizational role in the socialist revolutionary group that became the Russian Communist Party. Number Fifteen: He Was Inspired by His Brother. Suddenly, at age 17, Lenin became the male head of the family, which was now stigmatized as having reared a “state criminal.”. Politician. Lenin, intellectually gifted, physically strong, and reared in a warm, loving home, early displayed a voracious passion for learning. His birth name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. Lenin married Nadezhda Krupskaya on July 22, 1898. But by the December he had been expelled for taking part in a student protest. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Emeritus Professor of History, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb. As a kid he was one of the best students in his school, but when he became an adult he no longer followed all the rules. Number Eight: He Avenged His Brother’s Death. He eventually enrolled as an external law student at Saint Petersburg University and completed his studies there in 1891. The group's aim was for them to terminate t… Lenin was also recognized as a political theorist and politician. Great for home study or to use within the classroom environment. Well, If You Have the Down Time… In the 1890s, Lenin travelled western Europe to meet with Marxists and socialists outside of Russia. A devout Marxist, Lenin believed that his interpretation of Marxism was the only authentic one. Challenges of the Revolution of 1905 and World War I, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vladimir-Lenin, Alpha History - Biography of Vladimir Lenin, Duhaime.org - Biography of Vladimir Ilich Lenin, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Lenin, Vladimir Ilich Lenin - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vladimir Ilich Lenin - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Vladimir Lenin Is A Member Of . He was the couple’s third child after his sister Anna and brother Alexander. This interpretation was termed “Leninism” in 1904 by Russian revolutionary and Menshevik Julius Martov. The Founder of Feminism: Who Was Mary Wollstonecraft. Vladimir Lenin was born in Simbirsk, Russia. Lenin spent much of the 17 years after his exile in Siberia in western Europe, during which time he became leader of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Worker’s Party. Vladimir Lenin founded the Russian Communist Party, led the Bolshevik Revolution and was the architect of the Soviet state. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Lenin was born on 22 April 1870 in the town of Simbirsk in the Russian Empire. Although by May 1923 he appeared to be making a slow recovery, on 21 January 1924 he fell into a coma and died later that day. 1870 (28th April) Vladimir Lenin was baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church. Taurus. You’ve already read seven facts about the life of Vladimir Lenin – so here are eight more. 44 Revolutionary Facts About Vladimir Lenin. The leader of the October Revolution in Russia, Vladimir Lenin was born exactly 150 years ago. First Name Vladimir. As an adolescent Lenin suffered two blows that unquestionably influenced his subsequent decision to take the path of revolution. First, his father was threatened shortly before his untimely death with premature retirement by a reactionary government that had grown fearful of the spread of public education. He was the founder of the organization known as Comintern (Communist International) and the posthumous source of “Leninism,” the doctrine codified and conjoined with Karl Marx’s works by Lenin’s successors to form Marxism-Leninism, which became the Communist worldview. Lenin's embalmed body is displayed in Moscow's Red Square. He was an either-or, black-or-red exaggerator". He proved to be a very controversial figure, and his successors proved no less controversial, but he left an indelible mark on Russia and … The process made him not to believe that God existed. First Name Vladimir #2. Quite simply, Vladimir Lenin is the sad embodiment of the very problems that we face today – “post-truth politics” and manipulation based on “alternative facts”. As founder of the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and leader of the Bolshevik coup d'état (1917), Vladimir Lenin created the Soviet Union. Vladimir Lenin (left) with Joseph Stalin ' Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov , better known as ' (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian lawyer , revolutionary , and the leader of the Bolshevik party and of the October Revolution . Who Was Vladimir Lenin? He became the leader of the Red Army who recruited the militias under his wing. Growing up Lenin attended school and was an excellent student. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. He launched a campaign to end the war in Russia. 1917) did not turn his back on the “criminal’s” family. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. If the Bolshevik Revolution is—as some people have called it—the most significant political event of the 20th century, then Lenin must for good or ill be regarded as the century’s most significant political leader. Vladimir Lenin appeared as one of the famous figures during the Russian Revolution. Born in Russia #29. He believed that people must be free from exploitation and that everyone deserves the right to control their own destiny according to their abilities and needs. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! He was arrested and banished from Kazan to his grandfather’s estate in the village of Kokushkino, where his older sister Anna had already been ordered by the police to reside. The economy picked up but Lenin’s critics accused him of selling out to capitalism. Trotsky met Vladimir Lenin in London in 1902, and Lenin had a great influence on him. History Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online history channel. Following a public speech in Moscow in August 1918, Lenin was shot and badly injured. How Effective Were Nazi Sabotage and Espionage Missions in Britain? In 1887, he was thrown out of Kazan State University because he protested against the Tsar who was the king of the Russian Empire. Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by his alias Lenin, was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. Lenin was a psuedonymn Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was born in 1870 as Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. Politicians. info) (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian lawyer, revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party and of the October Revolution.He was the first leader of the USSR and the government that took over Russia in 1917. By 1922, this war had mostly been won by the Bolsheviks. Similarly, Volkogonov believed that "… And when his socialist model began to stall, he introduced the New Economic Policy in 1921. Biographer Louis Fischer described him as "a lover of radical change and maximum upheaval", a man for whom "there was never a middle-ground. Lenin… Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In spite of this, he achieved top ranking in law examinations and was awarded a law degree in 1891. Vladimir Lenin took control of Russia after centuries of rule by the Tsars. He went to university and got a different perspective about government and life at the same time that his older brother was arrested by the czar, the king of Russia. In autumn 1887 Lenin enrolled in the faculty of law of the imperial Kazan University (later renamed Kazan [V.I. Though an ardent socialist, Lenin was also a pragmatist. Politician #22. 1. Who Were the Cross-Channel Aviation Pioneers? Among the many instances of political repression and mass killings for which he is held responsible are the arrests and executions that constituted the so-called “Red Terror” campaign of the civil war. He distinguished himself in Latin and Greek and seemed destined for the life of a classical scholar. Vladimir Lenin was a devout Marxist, and believed that his interpretation of Marxism—first termed 'Leninism' by Martov in 1904—was the sole authentic and orthodox one. For example, the error of Joseph Stalinwas advocating for the establishment of personality cults, which were strongly opposed by another Soviet General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev. Born In 1870. Khrushchev described the cults as being unknown to Leninism. Vladimir Lenin Popularity . But by the December he had been expelled for taking part in a student protest. Fortunately the income from his mother’s pension and inheritance kept the family in comfortable circumstances, although it could not prevent the frequent imprisonment or exile of her children. Seeking Sanctuary – a History of Refugees in Britain, 8 Facts About King George IV’s Life and Reign, 12 Amazing Historical Facts Dan Snow Learned in 2020, Dan Snow’s History Hit on UK Tour Autumn 2021, How 19th Century Women Carved a Path Toward Female Suffrage. After one year, his older brother, Sacha teamed up with a revolutionary group. As he grew up, Lenin was seen as an intelligent little boy. Lenin Facts & Worksheets Lenin facts and information activity worksheet pack and fact file. Highlighting Lenin's "extraordinary capacity for disciplined work" and "devotion to the revolutionary cause", Pipes noted that he exhibited much charisma. Facts about Lenin tell the readers about the Russian communist revolutionary. / 22. dubna 1870 greg. Questions and answers about Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. Grigori Rasputin. Joseph Stalin. Despite being one of the world's most well-known revolutionaries some facts about his life are still shrouded in mystery, while others are little known outside historical circles. Updates? He became exposed to radical political ideas at university The main building of Kazan University, pictured in 1832. Second, in 1887 his beloved eldest brother, Aleksandr, a student at the University of St. Petersburg (later renamed Leningrad State University), was hanged for conspiring with a revolutionary terrorist group that plotted to assassinate Emperor Alexander III. But, despite the comfortable circumstances of their upbringing, all five of the Ulyanov children who reached maturity joined the revolutionary movement. He was promised bread for the workers, while the peasants had their land. At the age of 16, IIlya his father died. became politically radicalized after his older brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Czar Alexander III Many of his revolutionary colleagues used pseudonyms in an attempt to protect their families and confuse the police and Tsarist authorities. Vladimir Lenin Facts 44. Born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, he adopted the pseudonym “Lenin” in 1902. Learning from history, we would do well to question what we are told, and hold our political leaders accountable by calling truth to power. Vladimir Lenin: The architect of Russia's 1917 Bolshevik revolution and the first leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Lenin was arrested for his political activities in 1895 and served more than a year in jail before being sent to Siberia for three years. Moreover, Lenin’s high school principal (the father of Aleksandr Kerensky, who was later to lead the Provisional government deposed by Lenin’s Bolsheviks in November [October, O.S.] The two men fought dramatically from time to time. Lenin's parents were both well educated and his father was a teacher. It is difficult to identify any particular events in his childhood that might prefigure his turn onto the path of a professional revolutionary. After Russia’s last Tsar, Nicholas II, was overthrown in 1917, Lenin returned home and began working against the provisional government that had replaced him. Lenin saw himself as a man of destiny, and firmly believed in the righteousness of his cause and his own ability as a revolutionary leader. When he was 16, nothing in Lenin indicated a future rebel, still less a professional revolutionary—except, perhaps, his turn to atheism. He was born on April 22nd, 1870 and died on January 21st, 1924. Vladimir Lenin was a Russian communist philosopher, founder of the ‘Soviet Republic,’ and devout follower of Marxist views. In the autumn of 1888, the authorities permitted him to return to Kazan but denied him readmission to the university. Here are 10 facts about him. As the architect of the Soviet Union – or, as it was officially known, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) – he is an almighty historical figure whose actions determined the course of some of the biggest political events of the 20th century. The killing of Lenin’s elder brother, who had been a member of a revolutionary group, also influenced his politics. In 1917 until 1918, he became the head government of Russian Republic. But although he survived, he was seriously ill by the end of 1921, with some attributing his sickness to metal oxidation from the bullets that were lodged in his body from the assassination attempt. Vladimir Lenin Fans Also Viewed . This was not an uncommon phenomenon in tsarist Russia, where even the highly educated and cultured intelligentsia were denied elementary civil and political rights. The attack generated much sympathy for him amongst the public and boosted his popularity. Under this policy, which continued until a few years after his death, peasants were allowed to sell some of their produce for profit, while small traders were allowed to set up businesses. Vladimir Lenin was born in 1870 in Russia. (He adopted the pseudonym Lenin in 1901 during his clandestine party work after exile in Siberia.) When Lenin was sixteen years old, his father died. What Was the Legacy of World War One in the Leadership of the United States? Taurus Politician #2. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk, which was renamed Ulyanovsk in his honour. He loved to play chess as well enjoying the outdoors activities. Vladimir Lenin, also called Vladimir Ilich Lenin, original name Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, (born April 10 [April 22, New Style], 1870, Simbirsk, Russia—died January 21, 1924, Gorki [later Gorki Leninskiye], near Moscow), founder of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), inspirer and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), and the architect, builder, and first head (1917–24) of the Soviet state. 101 Facts About Vladimir Lenin. Lenin studied law at Kazan University but was expelled after just three months. Not only in the scholarly circles of the former Soviet Union but even among many non-Communist scholars, he has been regarded as both the greatest revolutionary leader and revolutionary statesman in history, as well as the greatest revolutionary thinker since Marx. Lenin began studying politics in high school. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A new online only channel for history lovers, Gary Oldman on Playing Winston Churchill in Darkest Hour, Untold – Weapons of War – Joseph Kennedy Jr, Forgotten Allies: The Search for Burma’s Lost Heroes. Alexander was hanged by the state in May 1887 after allegedly taking part in a plot to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. Omissions? During this period of enforced idleness, he met exiled revolutionaries of the older generation and avidly read revolutionary political literature, especially Marx’s Das Kapital. In 1902 … He also enjoyed the outdoors and playing chess. Born on April 22 #21. Lenin was born into a well-educated family and went on to study law at Kazan University in August 1887. Lenin was plagued by ill health in the last few years of his life and suffered three strokes in the space of two years – two in 1922 and one in March the following year. Lenin was good in school and learned the Latin and Greek languages. While on the run from the Russian secret police, Vladimir Illych Ulyanov changed his last name to Lenin to avoid being arrested. He is remembered as the leader of the ‘Bolshevik Party,’ which played a pivotal role in reshaping Russia. Many of his contemporaries suffered the same fate but in Lenin’s case at least it wasn’t all bad – it was in Siberia that he met and married his wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya. Lenin was born into a well-educated family and went on to study law at Kazan University in August 1887. Vladimir Lenin is not always looked upon favorably by history. Almost 94 years after his death and a quarter century after the fall of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin's mummified body continues to be displayed in a mausoleum on Red Square in Moscow. His mother was the daughter of a physician, while his father, though the son of a serf, became a schoolteacher and rose to the position of inspector of schools. But there’s more to Vladimir Lenin than his unsavory associations, and this list will demonstrate that. Vladimir Il’ich Ul’ianov (who in 1901 began to call himself Lenin) was born on April 22, 1870, in Simbirsk, now Ul’ianovsk, a provincial town on the Volga, one of six children in an educated middle-class family. Author of articles on Russian and Soviet history. Vladimir Lenin was born in the city of Simbirsk in the Russian Empire on April 22, 1870. There and then he started to blame God and other believers. Even if you are unfamiliar with the ins and outs of Vladimir Lenin’s personal story, you will no doubt have heard of his name and the political theory he developed – and which is named for him. His mother was a schoolteacher and his father was an education official (technically, his father's job made him and his family noblemen). Most Popular #8172. Take a look below for 30 … Leninism emphasised the need for a highly committed intellectual elite – the so-called “revolutionary vanguard” – who would drive the rest of the proletariat (working-class people) towards revolution and the eventual establishment of socialism. If, as Vladimir Lenin once said, there are decades where nothing happens, and there are weeks where decades happen, how many years happened in Dublin on Sunday, 21 November, 1920? Vladimir Lenin was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov to Ilya Ulyanov and Maria Blank at Simbirsk, Russia. Lenin] State University), but within three months he was expelled from the school, having been accused of participating in an illegal student assembly. NOW 50% OFF! Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Vladimir Lenin, also called Vladimir Ilich Lenin, original name Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, (born April 10 [April 22, New Style], 1870, Simbirsk, Russia—died January 21, 1924, Gorki [later Gorki Leninskiye], near Moscow), founder of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), inspirer and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), and the architect, builder, and first head (1917–24) of the Soviet state. Vladimir Iljič Uljanov (rusky Владимир Ильич Ульянов), který přijal přezdívku Lenin (Ле́нин), (10. dubna jul. After the third stoke, he lost his ability to speak. He was the third of six children born into a close-knit, happy family of highly educated and cultured parents. He courageously wrote a character reference that smoothed Lenin’s admission to a university. His followers, the While there, he collected several publications that were illegal to own in Russia and then distributed them to the Russian people in an early display of serious activism. 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