[149] However, there is a political will to fight against corruption in the government, and the government has made some progress in combating corruption, such as minimizing tax regulations in order to improve transparency in the tax office. [181], In 2014 the share of manufacturing in GDP was 37%, more than two thirds of this amount falls on manufacturing industries. click for more detailed Chinese translation, definition, pronunciation and example sentences. [77][78] In 1935, after the death of Józef Piłsudski, a new wave of repressions was released upon the minorities, with many Orthodox churches and Belarusian schools being closed. Its members include workers, peasants, students, military personnel, and urban and rural intelligentsia. [118] The United Nations and other agencies have aimed to reduce the level of radiation in affected areas, especially through the use of caesium binders and rapeseed cultivation, which are meant to decrease soil levels of caesium-137. [212] Minorities also speak Polish, Ukrainian and Eastern Yiddish. [177] Each raion has its own legislative authority, or raion council, (Belarusian: раённы Савет Дэпутатаў, Russian: районный Сове́т Депутатов) elected by its residents, and an executive authority or raion administration appointed by higher executive powers. [103][104][105] The Polish government has allotted a residence for main opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and other members of the Belarusian opposition in Warsaw, Poland. Belarus is a presidential republic, governed by a president and the National Assembly. According to Article 16 of the Constitution, Belarus has no official religion. "About the Origins of the Names of White and Black Ruthenia"), Язэп Юхо (Joseph Juho), 1956. He ran for a fourth term in 2010, this time taking 77 percent of the vote. Look it up now! But he has seriously mishandled opposition protests, says a Belarus-born scholar of Eastern European politics. Under the 1994 constitution, the president could serve for only two terms as president, but a change in the constitution in 2004 eliminated term limits. Ukraine has never interfered in internal affairs of Belarus & will always support the Belarusian people. [125] The National Assembly is a bicameral parliament comprising the 110-member House of Representatives (the lower house) and the 64-member Council of the Republic (the upper house). [148] Corrupt practices such as bribery often took place during tender processes, and whistleblower protection and national ombudsman are lacking in Belarus's anti-corruption system. A trade union campaign was carried out to raise international awareness and put pressure on the Belarus government. [174] Belarus first began to cooperate with NATO upon signing documents to participate in their Partnership for Peace Program in 1995. Belarus' newly re-elected president Alexander Lukashenko is facing increased pressure to resign as tens of thousands of people are taking the streets to protest the disputed presidential election. [citation needed] The borders of the Byelorussian SSR and Poland were redrawn, in accord with the 1919-proposed Curzon Line. In several districts, the results had to be discarded because the number of voters fell short of the minimum turnout of 50 percent. [clarification needed], Since 2014, following years of embrace of Russian influence in the country, Lukashenko has pressed a revival of Belarusian identity. Surely in the public domain, Poland has made clear its support for the removal of Lukashenko. There were 679,000 unemployed Belarusians, two-thirds of whom were women. [62], In a Russification drive in the 1840s, Nicholas I prohibited use of the Belarusian language in public schools, campaigned against Belarusian publications and tried to pressure those who had converted to Catholicism under the Poles to reconvert to the Orthodox faith. Andrei Arlovski, who was born in Babruysk, Byelorussian SSR, is a current UFC fighter and the former UFC heavyweight champion of the world. "[98] An idea backed by Putin for years, observers have labeled the potential plan a scheme by Putin to remain in power beyond 2024. [112] The average elevation of Belarus is 160 m (525 ft) above sea level. [77][78] Nonetheless compared to the (larger) Ukrainian minority, Belarusians were much less politically aware and active, and thus suffered fewer repressions than the Ukrainians. (2011) Belarus: The Last Dictatorship in Europe, London: Yale University Press, Korosteleva, E. A., (2008), Belarus : political party system, in Sagar, D (ed. 229–45, Korosteleva, E. A. [166] Belarus is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer in economic and geopolitical terms. [182] The “political culture of a country suffers serious erosion in the wake of a coup,” wrote political scientists John Londregan and Keith Poole in 1990. [126], The House of Representatives has the power to appoint the prime minister, make constitutional amendments, call for a vote of confidence on the prime minister, and make suggestions on foreign and domestic policy. [132] The Belarusian government is also criticized for human rights violations and its persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians. [205] Ethnic Belarusians constitute 84.9% of Belarus's total population. Politics of Belarus. Its membership consists mainly of the intelligentsia, and it espouses Christian values, nonviolence, pluralism, private property, and peaceful relations among ethnic groups. Though the pro-independence Belarusian Popular Front took only 10% of the seats, the populace was content with the selection of the delegates. [194], The labor force consists of more than four million people, among whom women hold slightly more jobs than men. The Belarusian government sponsors annual cultural festivals such as the Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk,[220] which showcases Belarusian performers, artists, writers, musicians, and actors. [190] In 2006, GDP amounted to US$83.1 billion in purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars (estimate), or about $8,100 per capita. The restrictions placed on the mass media and on the candidates' expenditures during the campaign led to a shortage of information about the candidates and almost no political debate before the elections. Belarus is especially interesting because its close economic and political-military ties to Russia have weakened in the past 10 years. Belarus in British English. Before 1918, both countries were part of the Russian Empire and both were part of the USSR until 1991. The constitution provides for freedom of religion; however, the authorities restrict this right in practice. and Löwenhardt, J.,(eds. Its net migration rate is +0.38 per 1,000, indicating that Belarus experiences slightly more immigration than emigration. The new parliament may even come to once again lack any opposition, which would probably mean that anti-European forces in the Belarusian political system regain influence. [117] Belarus has an average annual rainfall of 550 to 700 mm (21.7 to 27.6 in). Economically, Belarus involved itself in the CIS, Eurasian Economic Community, and Union with Russia. The opposition, which has staged mass protests since his disputed election in early August, immediately decried the inauguration as illegitimate. [196] As part of the Union of Russia and Belarus, both states have discussed using a single currency along the same lines as the Euro. [52], On 2 February 1386, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland were joined in a personal union through a marriage of their rulers. The Belarusian opposition has reached the coalescence stage, meaning individuals participating in mass behavior have become aware of each … [160] After the CPB was banned in the wake of the August 1991 coup d'état, Belarusian communists regrouped and renamed themselves the Party of Communists of Belarus (PCB), which became the umbrella organization for Belarus's communist parties and pro-Russian groups. Lukashenko won the election with 80% of the vote; the Russian Federation and the CIS deemed the vote open and fair[142] while the OSCE and other organizations called the election unfair. The Limits of EU Governance in Eastern Europe”, Conflict and Cooperation, Vol.44, No.2 2009, pp. Prime Minister. Wheat and rye breads are consumed in Belarus, but rye is more plentiful because conditions are too harsh for growing wheat. The Belarusian Christian Democratic Union, founded in June 1991, was a continuation of the Belarusian Christian-Democratic Party, which was disbanded by the Polish authorities in western Belarus in the 1930s. [186] In 2005, GDP increased by 9.9%; the inflation rate averaged 9.5%. Lukashenko even called for outright unification with Russia, but it was his anti-corruption stance that allowed him to defeat Kebich in the runoff with 80 percent of the vote. [223], By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francysk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian.
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