Thus, 86.5 percent dry matter (100-13.5) x 60 lbs. High-moisture corn offers many advantages for producers who feed beef or dairy cattle, according to a North Dakota State University livestock expert. If you have trouble accessing Dry corn typically is traded at 15 percent moisture. High-moisture corn is similar in energy and protein content to dry corn and offers several harvest advantages: However, producers should realize that high-moisture corn also has some disadvantages, compared with dry corn, Lardy says. Multiply the weight of the "wet" grain by the initial percent dry matter content, then divide the result by the desired ending percent dry matter content. Weig… each of ground, high-moisture corn (HMC) for his feedyards, many cattle feeders didn't see the value in it that he did. and H.A. 2018. http://www.kingcorn.org/news/timeless/TestWeight.html [URL accessed Sep 2020]. 47,458 pounds of wet corn delivered $6.90 is the agreed price per bushel for 15% moisture corn Corn is 31% moisture Drying cost is $0.04 per point of moisture and it is agreed all drying cost will be taken out of the corn price Flaked corn would be ranked next in digestibility, followed by fine-ground corn, steam-rolled corn, medium-ground corn and then dry-rolled or cracked corn. High moisture feedstuffs have different feeding characteristics compared to similar dry feeds. document.write(" - "+yr); When pricing corn, producers should take into account differences in moisture level, particularly with high-moisture corn. For example, if the initial grain moisture content is 20%, then the initial percent dry matter content is 80% (e.g., 100% - 20%). If the desired ending grain moisture content is 15% (the typical market standard), then the desired ending percent dry matter content is 85% (100% - 15%). equal opportunity university. Harvesting corn at a high moisture rate will increase the rate of ruminal digestion compared to dry corn. Growers should only dry or harvest corn below 15.5% if they are considering storing that corn on … The two sources of weight loss due to mechanical drying are 1) the weight of the moisture (water) removed by the drying process and 2) the anticipated weight loss resulting from the loss of dry matter that occurs during the grain drying and handling processes (e.g., broken kernels, fines, foreign materials). They include: For optimum storage and utilization, high-moisture corn should be processed (ground or rolled) prior to storage. The reason this is calculated is to show the substantial costs of continuing to dry corn below the 15.5% target moisture. Most consulting nutritionists consider the energy value of steam-flaked corn to be 10.9% greater when compared with dry-rolled corn and 6.8% greater compared with high-moisture corn (Vasconcelos … Thus, if 1,000 lb. High-temperature corn drying may face challenges with high-moisture corn. High moisture corn (18 to 20%) can be added in 4 feet layers on top of dry grain if the fan can provide at least 3 to 4 cfm/bu through the total depth in the bin. High moisture corn can be harvested two to three weeks earlier than corn harvested for dry storage. “If you were planning to use the corn as livestock feed, high-moisture storage may be an option worth checking out.”. By harvesting a portion of the crop as high-moisture corn, producers can turn cows onto corn residue earlier than conventionally harvested corn. On average, energy value of HMC equaled dry corn at 23% moisture and increased by .3% for every 1% higher moisture. Also, the longer high-moisture corn is … “The cool fall we have experienced may delay corn maturity and increase the likelihood that corn will require expensive drying once harvested,” Lardy says. 100,000 lbs of grain at 20% moisture = 80,000 lbs of absolute dry matter (i.e., 100,000 x 0.80). Plan Harvest to Deliver Soybeans at the Optimum Moisture. High-moisture corn can have moisture levels from 24 percent to 33 percent, which necessitates adjustment to a constant moisture level. Corn Grain Test Weight. But like other innovators and shakers in the cattle business, Hitch created a win-win situation. Packing bunker silos can be dangerous, so be sure an experienced tractor operator is running the packing equipment. The Math If the elevator charges 3¢ per point of moisture per bushel (plus shrink), it would cost 21¢ per bushel to dry corn from 22 percent to 15 percent which is $42/acre at 200 bushel corn. Land Grant. For corn, the crop is coming out of the field really dry (17% moisture) and the later planted crop is surprisingly outyielding last year’s crop. Corny News Network, Purdue Extension. Corn with moisture contents above 15% is discounted in the marketplace. this page because of a disability, please contact RLNielsen at rnielsen@purdue.edu. Harvest and sell dry corn. In northern corn growing areas, the upper limit in narrow cribs (4 1/2 feet) is about 25% moisture in the grain. The flow chart below shows the process of high moisture corn from the field to the feedlot. Shell corn is considered dry at 15.5% moisture. High-moisture corn may require additional storage and processing equipment. 94,118 lbs of grain at 15% moisture = 1681 bu of grain at 15% moisture (i.e., 94,118 / 56). Some silos are not designed for denser products, such as high-moisture corn, and should not be used. An exact value for the handling loss, sometimes called "invisible shrink", is difficult to predict and can vary significantly from one grain buyer to another. The finer the particle, the more rapid the digestion. Harvesting corn wet may be an option for producers who want to avoid high drying costs this year. In years when corn maturity is challenged, we can expect low TWs off the field simply because of moisture. … The time to dry corn, or any grain, depends on a number of variables. https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/nch/nch-61.html [URL accessed Sep 2020], Nielsen, RL (Bob). The simple weight loss due to the removal of grain moisture represents the greatest percentage of the total grain weight shrinkage due to drying and is easily calculated using a handheld calculator or a smartphone calculator app. Harvest high-moisture corn (30%) to be fed. Feel free to use and share this content, but please do so under the conditions of our, High-moisture Corn has Advantages, Disadvantages, https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2008/sept-25-2008/high-moisture-corn-has-advantages-disadvantages, Dakota Gardener: Toxic and Not-so-toxic Holiday Plants, Prairie Fare: Celebrate With Gifts That Promote Health, Prairie Fare: How to Cook for One, Two or a Few, http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1238w.htm, Harvested at 24 percent to 33 percent moisture for optimum storage. Then you convert the absolute dry weight back to a market-standard "dry" weight at 15% grain moisture. At $3.25/bushel corn price it takes 13 bushels to pay for drying. Yields typically are increased due to less ear drop in the field. High-moisture corn allows for an earlier corn harvest, avoiding difficulties associated with adverse weather and potentially spreading the workload during harvest. High-moisture corn can have moisture levels from 24 percent to 33 percent, which necessitates adjustment to a constant moisture level. The cool nights in August helped this corn crop,” Mowers says. Earlier harvest reduces crop losses resulting from inclement weather, wind, stalk rot and insect damage. When pricing corn, producers should take into account differences in moisture level, particularly with high-moisture corn. National Corn Handbook Publication NCH-61. For more information on feeding corn to feed cattle, visit http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1238w.htm. For a lengthier discussion on grain weight shrinkage due to mechanical drying, see Hicks & Cloud, 1991. Corn is often harvested at grain moisture contents higher than the 15% moisture typically desired by grain buyers. Each process can then be further divided by particle size. In addition, producers should monitor bunkers for evidence of wildlife depredation and take necessary steps to reduce silage losses. , Purdue University, an equal access, Remember, the high-moisture corn was processed and packed into a bunker. http://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/plan-harvest-deliver-soybean-optimum-moisture [URL accessed Sep 2020], Hicks, D.R. The initial moisture content of the grain, % The desired moisture content of the grain, % yr=d.getFullYear(); The kernel color of immature corn may be affected during drying due to sugars still being in the kernel. Glewen, Keith, Paul Jasa, & Jenny Rees. High moisture corn involves the process of harvesting corn from 25-35% moisture (after black layer) and ensiling it to create a highly nutritional feed for livestock. As you can see, the best ADG was for the dry rolled corn, but we got the best feed conversion with the high-moisture corn. Improperly ensiled high-moisture corn will result in excessive spoilage and storage losses. moisture content. These are grain bins. High-moisture corn tends to ferment faster and require better bunk management, compared with dry corn, so the high-moisture corn must be stored in an airtight silo (bunker, silage bags or oxygen-limiting structure). This material may be available in alternative formats. Early harvest conditions are usually more favorable during high-moisture corn harvest than they are with dry corn harvest. When the late Ladd Hitch decided in the 1960s to put in concrete silo pits to hold 1 million-plus bu. Cropwatch, Univ Nebraska Extension. High-moisture shelled corn has higher feed value than dry-rolled corn and about the same value as steam-flaked corn. High-moisture corn is, for all practical purposes, nutritionally equal to dry corn when compared on an equal dry matter basis. If no bunker is available, a pile can be constructed, but increased storage losses typically result. Unlike shell corn, which is harvested and stored in grain bins and needs to be dry to prevent it from spoiling, high moisture corn is fermented and stored in silos or other airtight storage options. Under the moisture discount approach the total pounds of corn delivered is first divided by 56 pounds to calculate the number of “wet” bushels. High-moisture corn will be marketable only through livestock. But another factor – the mitigation of unexplained dry matter losses, often called phantom or invisible losses – also is at play, he says. Shelled corn must be dried to around 15% moisture and cooled with aeration to prevent spoilage (heating). Marketing alternatives are limited. 1991. Corn can be harvested wet and stored as high-moisture corn. Crop loss due to harvesting equipment is also usually less with high-moisture corn than it is with dry corn. High-moisture corn is a high-energy feed for both dairies and feedlots. Be sure to inspect silage bags and plastic bunker covers for tears or holes because oxygen penetration in these areas can cause additional spoilage. What you can do Prior to feeding, you should track and monitor the amount and form of protein in high-moisture corn. Corn can be field-shelled with a combine at moisture contents of 35+% moisture. Add corn to drying bin in shallow layers until the moisture content decreases. Unlike a silo, bins are used to store dry feeds like corn or soybeans. “However, successfully using high-moisture corn requires attention to storage conditions, feeding management and processing,” says Greg Lardy, NDSU Extension Service beef cattle specialist. High-Moisture Corn versus Dry Corn in Combination With Either Corn Silage or Hay for Lactating Cows 1 J. H. CLARK and K. E. HARSHBARGER Department of Dairy Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana 61801 Abstract Forty cows were assigned to four groups of ten each in a 2 X 2 factorial design and fed one of four diets: 1) high-moisture shelled corn (HMSC) -b hay; 2) HMSC q- corn … Equivalent Price/Ton* of: High Moisture Shelled Corn Jeff Key, Winnebago County Agricultural/Farm Management Agent and Gary Frank, Center for Dairy Profitability Price per Dry Bushel Moisture lbs Wet % Dry % Wet Kernels Shrink Bushels $2.50 $2.75 $3.00 $3.25 $3.50 $3.75 $4.00 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00 Immature corn that was well dented to mature (~52-53 lbs/bu initial TW), but with high moisture content, all approached 56 lb/bu TW's after drying. Then you convert the absolute dry weight back to a market-standard "dry" weight at 15% grain moisture. Challenging fall harvest where the crop must be dried from 22% moisture to 15% using commercial shrink and drying charges (1.5% shrink and 5 cents drying charge per point over 15%). Producers with drying bins and aeration fans capable of producing at least 1 cfm/bu are wondering how long it will take to dry their corn to 15% moisture using ambient (unheated) air. In general terms, you first convert the "wet" weight (greater than 15% moisture) to absolute dry weight (0% moisture). High-starch feeds can encourage excellent milk production by providing a great energy source to cows, but they may seem intimidating to producers. Dry corn typically is traded at 15.5 percent moisture. Use percent dry matter in making conversions because the problem is to obtain the same weight of dry matter as is found in a standard bushel. Ensiling feeds such as corn silage, high-moisture corn (HMC) and snaplage bring additional challenges to silage fermentation because these feeds are high in starch and can differ in moisture content. This discount reflects both the cost of actually drying the grain to a number 2 moisture level or below and the loss of weight that will occur in the drying process. if (yr!=1995) var d=new Date(); For example, a standard bushel of wheat contains 60 pounds at 13.5 percent moisture. Dry matter and chemical composition of experimental diets (DM basis) Ingredient Dry-rolled High-moisture Corn silage 10 10 Dry-rolled corn 79.21 0 High-moisture corn 0 78.67 Soybean meal 7.57 6.12 Molasses (dry) 0 2 Liquid supplement1 2.2 2.2 Limestone 0.97 0.97 Vitamin A, D, and E premix2 0.02 0.02 Trace mineral premix3 0.03 0.02 There definitely are more advantages than disadvantages for operators who are feeding corn. Part of the increase is due to reduced field and harvest losses, which account for 5-10 bushels/acre. © 1995 Calculating Grain Weight Shrinkage in Corn Due to Mechanical Drying. Wetter grain obviously weighs more than drier grain and so grain buyers will "shrink" the weight of "wet" grain (greater than 15% moisture) to the equivalent weight of "dry" grain (15% moisture) and then divide that weight by 56 to calculate the market bushels of grain they will purchase from the grower. Stored in bunker or trench silos or piled and packed into a pile on the ground at 26 percent to 33 percent moisture. In general terms, you first convert the "wet" weight (greater than 15% moisture) to absolute dry weight (0% moisture). Harvest earlage @ 34% moisture containing approximately 15% residue. = 51.9 lbs of dry … One take-home reminder from this little exercise is the fact that the grain trade allows you to sell water in the form of grain moisture... up to a maximum market-standard 15% grain moisture content (or 14% for long term storage). Since high-moisture corn will undergo fermentation, it cannot be marketed in traditional channels for ethanol production or other uses. The initial percent dry matter content depends on the initial grain moisture content. Stored in plastic silage bags or oxygen-limiting silos for best oxygen exclusion at 24 percent to 26 percent moisture - Be sure to check with the silo manufacturer’s recommendations on storage of high-moisture grain. “Most farmers I talked to are pleasantly surprised with their corn and soybean yields this year. Student Focused. Example: If we were to dry shelled corn from 25.5% to 15.5% moisture (a removal of 10.0 percentage points), the total moisture shrink would be 10.0 multiplied by 1.183 (from Table 1), or 11.83% of the original grain weight. Dry corn typically is traded at 15 percent moisture. High-moisture corn can have moisture levels from 24 to 33 percent, which necessitates adjustment to a constant moisture level. Hellevang recommended reducing the dryer temperature to reduce the potential for affecting the kernel for corn that was not mature at the time of the first hard freeze. Lardy advises that for best results with piles, use a 2- to 3-foot ridge of soil as a barrier to facilitate the packing process. Ensiling high-moisture corn too dry, too coarse, or at cold temperatures can delay the degradation of the starch-matrix proteins greatly causing the high-moisture corn to feed like dry corn for long periods of time. For corn to be used in this manner, it should be: Also, all bunker, trench and pile structures should be covered with plastic. Corn is physiologically mature when the ears reach 35% moisture. High-moisture corn, either shelled or earlage, is the most digestible. Bob Little, who farms near Hebron, says harvesting corn at 22-25% moisture consistently boosts yields. 3. Proper packing of the high-moisture corn in a bunker silo also is critical to oxygen exclusion. Note that drying costs increase below 15.5%. The safe level for ear corn in the crib is higher than for shelled corn because air passes through to remove heat and to dry the corn. Add to this the 0.5% handling loss for a total shrink of 12.33%. Research Institution. http://www.kingcorn.org/news/timeless/WaterShrink.html, http://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/plan-harvest-deliver-soybean-optimum-moisture, https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/nch/nch-61.html, http://www.kingcorn.org/news/timeless/TestWeight.html, equal access, 2020. Currently, the popularity of corn distillers grain and corn gluten feed programs have minimized or eliminated that concern. A moisture discount equal to a certain percentage of the current number 2 selling price is then assessed against each wet bushel. So we are actually seeing the effect of processing and the moisture effect. equal opportunity university. Bear in mind that grain moisture loss for any particular day may be quite high or low depending on the exact temperature, humidity, sunshine, or rain conditions that day. zWhile moisture level in high moisture corn is highly correlated with voluntary dry matter intake it is not the moisture per se that is … In other words, if you deliver corn to the elevator at grain moisture contents lower than 15%, you will be paid for fewer bushels than you otherwise could be paid for. High moisture corn ferments faster in the rumen than dry corn and traditionally was thought to add to the difficulty of getting animals started on feed and offer slightly less performance especially early in the feeding program. Cloud. Grinding or rolling and subsequent packing of the corn facilitates oxygen exclusion in the silo. Take advantage of this fact and maximize your "sellable" grain weight by delivering corn grain to the elevator at moisture levels no lower than 15% moisture content. Dry matter losses from field and harvesting can be decreased by 3–8 percent for corn harvested at 25–30 percent moisture compared to corn harvested for dry storage. 4. (To convert wet grain to a dry grain equivalent, divide the dry matter content of the wet grain by the dry matter content of the dry grain to establish an adjustment factor. Seeing the effect of processing and the moisture effect sugars still being in the to... 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